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Variables can store data of different types, and different data types can do
different things.

PHP supports the following data types:

  • String
  • Integer
  • Float (floating point numbers – also called double)
  • Boolean
  • Array
  • Object
  • NULL
  • Resource

PHP String

A string is a sequence of characters, like “Hello world!”.

A string can be any text inside quotes. You can use single or double quotes:

Example

$x = “Hello world!”;
$y = ‘Hello world!’;

echo $x;
echo “
“;
echo $y;
?>



Try it Yourself »

PHP Integer

An integer data type is a non-decimal number between -2,147,483,648 and
2,147,483,647.

Rules for integers:

  • An integer must have at least one digit
  • An integer must not have a decimal point
  • An integer can be either positive or negative
  • Integers can be specified in: decimal (base 10), hexadecimal (base 16), octal (base
    8), or binary (base 2) notation

In the following example $x is an integer. The PHP var_dump()
function returns the data type and value:

PHP Float

A float (floating point number) is a number with a decimal point or a number in exponential form.

In the following example $x is a float. The PHP var_dump()
function returns the data type and value:

PHP Boolean

A Boolean represents two possible states: TRUE or FALSE.

Booleans are often used in conditional testing. You will learn more about
conditional testing in a later chapter of this tutorial.

PHP Array

An array stores multiple values in one single variable.

In the following example $cars is an array. The PHP var_dump()
function returns the data type and value:

You will learn a lot more about arrays in later chapters of this tutorial.

PHP Object

Classes and objects are the two main aspects of object-oriented programming.

A class is a template for objects, and an object is an instance of a class.

When the individual objects are created, they inherit all the properties and
behaviors from the class, but each object will have different values for the
properties.

Let’s assume we have a class named Car. A Car can have properties like model,
color, etc. We can define variables like $model, $color, and so on, to hold the
values of these properties.

When the individual objects (Volvo, BMW, Toyota, etc.) are created, they
inherit all the properties and behaviors from the class, but each object will
have different values for the properties.

If you create a __construct() function, PHP will automatically call this
function when you create an object from a class.

Example

class Car {
  public $color;
  public $model;
 
public function __construct($color, $model) {
   
$this->color = $color;
    $this->model = $model;
 
}
  public function message() {
    return “My car
is a ” . $this->color . ” ” . $this->model . “!”;
  }
}









$myCar
= new Car(“black”, “Volvo”);
echo $myCar -> message();
echo “
“;
$myCar
= new Car(“red”, “Toyota”);
echo $myCar -> message();
?>





Try it Yourself »

PHP NULL Value

Null is a special data type which can have only one value: NULL.

A variable of data type NULL is a variable that has no value assigned to it.

Tip: If a variable is created without a value, it is
automatically assigned a value of NULL.

Variables can also be emptied by setting the value to NULL:

PHP Resource

The special resource type is not an actual data type. It is the storing of a
reference to functions and resources external to PHP.

A common example of
using the resource data type is a database call.

We will not talk about the resource type here, since it is an advanced topic.